2216.01 DESCRIPTION.
This work shall consist of cracking and seating existing PCC pavement, prior to resurfacing with HMA. Associated work may include removal of an existing HMA overlay if present, subdrain construction, HMA resurfacing, and shoulder work.

2216.02 EQUIPMENT.
Cracking equipment shall be capable of producing the desired cracking pattern by providing a broad striking surface. Equipment that punches holes in the pavement or results in excessive spalling of otherwise sound sections shall not be used. A blade or spade type breaker is recommended and may be required.

Seating equipment shall be a roller meeting the following requirements:

The roller shall be a pneumatic tired roller consisting of four rubber tired wheels equally spaced across the full width and mounted in line on a rigid steel frame in such manner that all wheels carry equal loads, regardless of surface irregularities. Roller tires shall be capable of satisfactory operation at a minimum inflation pressure of 100 psi (700 kPa), and tires shall be inflated to the pressure necessary to obtain proper surface contact pressure to satisfactorily seat pavement slabs. At the Contractor's option, tires may contain liquid.

The roller shall have a weight body suitable for ballasting to a gross load of 50 tons (45 Mg) and ballast shall be such that gross roller weight (mass) can be readily determined and controlled to maintain a gross roller weight (mass) of 50 tons (45 Mg). The roller shall be towed with a rubber tired prime mover.

Miscellaneous equipment shall include a means to dampen cracked pavement with water, a source of compressed air with 100 psi (700 kPa) pressure, a rotary broom described in Article 2001.14, and various hand tools as needed.

2216.03 REMOVAL OF EXISTING ASPHALT PAVEMENT OVERLAY.
All asphalt and other bituminous material existing on the pavement surface shall be removed from the area to be cracked before cracking. Removal shall be a continuous operation, but removal of full depth asphalt patches is not required. Removal shall be to the underlying PCC pavement and in accordance with requirements of Section 2214, excluding Article 2214.05.

Foamed material in existing pressure relief joints shall be removed prior to removal of the HMA overlay.

Scarification shall be to the full width of the lane, with a suitable runout at the end, before the lane is opened to traffic. Scarification shall be accomplished to leave no vertical drop-off at the center line or lane line overnight. Where an overnight drop-off results from unforeseen conditions, the approaches shall be signed with a ROAD WORK AHEAD sign, and the drop-off shall be marked with vertical panels. The vertical panels shall be placed at 150 foot (45 m) intervals in rural areas and at 50 foot (15 m) intervals in urban areas, with a minimum of three vertical panels at each drop-off location.

Additional scarification of the existing PCC pavement may be required at bridge approaches and other fixed objects, as designated in the contract documents.

2216.04 PAVEMENT CRACKING.
The existing PCC pavement shall be cracked to produce full depth, generally transverse, hairline cracks at a nominal spacing designated in the contract documents. When not designated, the spacing shall be 1-1/2 feet to 3 feet (0.5 m to 1 m). Induced cracking closer than 2-1/2 feet (0.8 m) from an existing crack or joint or deteriorated concrete shall be avoided. Care shall be taken to prevent the formation of a continuous longitudinal crack.

When cracking operations begin, the Engineer will designate test sections of approximately 100 feet (30 m). The Contractor shall crack the test sections using varying energy and striking patterns until a satisfactory cracking pattern is established. This energy and striking pattern shall then be used for the remainder of the project, unless the Engineer determines that a satisfactory cracking pattern is no longer being produced. Adjustments shall then be made to the energy and/or striking pattern as necessary to re-establish a satisfactory cracking pattern.

The Contractor shall furnish and apply water to the test area to dampen the pavement following cracking to enhance visual determination of the cracking pattern. The Contractor shall furnish and apply water to check stations, as directed by the Engineer, to verify that the specified crack pattern is being maintained. This will normally be once a day. Furnishing and applying this water shall be incidental, and it will not be paid for separately.

Cracking equipment shall not be operated on a bridge, and areas in a bridge approach section or within 3 feet (1 m) of a fixed object shall not be cracked.

Before opening to traffic, areas of cracked pavement shall be seated then cleaned of loose or spalled material by sweeping and by blowing joints and cracks with compressed air. This cleaning shall be repeated, as necessary, until the HMA resurfacing is placed.

2216.05 PAVEMENT SEATING.
Seating of the cracked pavement shall be done as shown in the contract documents.

The cracked pavement shall be rolled until seating of the cracked pavement is assured to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The intent is to load the roller so that satisfactory seating can be reasonably assured by one complete coverage by the roller and to accomplish seating with a minimum damage to aggregate interlock at the cracks. The weight (mass) of the roller and the rolling pattern, including laps, will be approved by the Engineer, based on one or more initial test sections.

2216.06 LIMITATIONS.
The Contractor shall use every reasonable means to protect persons and vehicles from injury or damage that might occur because of the Contractor's operations. During the construction, the Contractor shall provide traffic control as required by the contract documents. Articles 1107.08, 1107.09, and 1108.03 shall also apply.

The road shall be kept open to traffic. Equipment shall not extend into a lane open to traffic except as allowed by the traffic control requirements in the contract documents.

This work should be carefully staged to minimize the time public traffic is to drive on pavement where the pavement work is only partially completed. The removal of existing HMA overlay shall not be started more than 14 calendar days before the succeeding operation is scheduled to begin. The pavement cracking shall not be started more than 14 calendar days before the overlay operation of the cracked and seated area is scheduled to begin.

Cracked and seated areas are to be overlaid with the full thickness of HMA, required by the contract, before a winter suspension.

The Contractor's attention is directed to Article 1105.12. If the operation of the seating roller over a culvert is to be restricted according to Paragraph G, this will be designated in the contract documents.

2216.07 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
The Engineer will calculate the area of cracking and seating, satisfactorily completed, from the length and the nominal width.

2216.08 BASIS OF PAYMENT.
For the number of square yards (square meters) of cracking and seating completed, the Contractor will be paid the contract unit price per square yard (square meter). This payment shall be full compensation for cracking and seating and for furnishing all materials, equipment, and labor.