4162 Untreated Timber and Lumber

Section 4162. Untreated Timber and Lumber.

4162.01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
All timber parts which in their position in the structure support definite traffic loads, namely posts of framed bents and stringers, shall be structural class timber. All other timber parts, including caps, backing plank, floor plank, wing plank, nailers, fillers, sway bracing, rail posts, post blocks, bridging curbs, scupper blocks, rails, and laminated floor, unless otherwise designated, shall be common class timber and lumber.

Inspection arrangements shall be in accordance with Materials I.M. 462. The cost of inspection shall be included in the unit price bid for the material specified.

4162.02 RESERVED.

4162.03 MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE SIZES.
All material furnished shall conform to the dimensions specified for rough or surfaced stock. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, rough material shall be furnished. Materials are classified as follows, according to use:

LIGHT FRAMING:

Nominal thickness
Nominal widths
Dressed thickness
Dressed widths 2" to 4" (50 mm to 100 mm)
2" to 4" (50 mm to 100 mm)
S1S or S2S
S1E or S2E

JOIST AND PLANK:

Nominal thickness
Nominal widths
Dressed thickness
Dressed widths
Rough 2", 3", and 4" (50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm)
6" (150 mm) and wider in multiples of 2" (50 mm)
S1S or S2S
S1E or S2E

BEAMS AND STRINGERS:

Nominal thickness
Nominal widths
Dressed sizes
Rough 5" (125 mm) and thicker, rectangular
Widths more than 2" (50 mm) greater than thickness
S1S, S1E, S2S, or S4S

A. Manufacture.
All pieces shall be fully milled and processed, and unless otherwise specified, all ends shall be neatly cut at right angles to the length specified. Miscut, tapered, wedge cut, or bull end pieces shall be rejected.

B. Dimensions.
Material for tongue and groove bridge floors shall have the dimensions specified or approved by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions of all other material shall be in accordance with the industry standards approved by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standards Committee for rough or surfaced stock for the species furnished.

4162.04 SPECIES OF WOOD.
The species of wood used in all structural class parts and in all common class timber parts with a nominal thickness of 2 inches (50 mm) and over shall be Douglas Fir (coast region) or Southern Pine. Construction parts less than a nominal thickness of 2 inches (50 mm) including all boards, strips, and sheathing; may be Douglas Fir (coast region), Southern Pine, West Coast Hemlock, Ponderosa Pine, Idaho White Pine, Sugar Pine, or White Fir.

4162.05 DEFINITION OF TERMS.
Terms used in these specifications shall be interpreted in accordance with ASTM D 9 and rules approved by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standards Committee.

4162.06 STRESS GRADE TIMBER AND LUMBER.
Material furnished under this specification shall be either Douglas Fir (coast region) or Southern Pine. The material shall be graded as provided in ASTM D 245 and by rules of associations as approved by the American Lumber Standards Committee.

Material shall be of the grade specified for each species. Douglas Fir (Coastal Region) shall be graded according to the grading rules published by the Western Wood Products Association or the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau. Southern Pine shall be graded according to the grading rules published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau. When a stress grade is identified as structural, Table 4162.06 A shall apply. When a stress grade is identified as common class, Table 4162.06 B shall apply. Unless otherwise specified, the material may be either Douglas Fir or Southern Pine.

TABLE 4162.06 A

Structural Class* Grade

Light Framing:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine

Joists and Plank:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine

Beams and Stringers:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine

Posts and Timbers:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine
Dense No. 2
No. 2 Dense

Select Structural or Dense No. 1
Dense Structural 72

Dense Select Structural
Dense Structural 86

Dense Select Structural
Dense Structural 72

*Structural class is based on a nominal extreme fiber stress in bending of 1,900 psi (13 MPa) (minimum 1,850 psi (12.8 MPa)) for light framing, joists, and plank in a repetitive member use; and for beams and stringers in a single member use. Structural class for posts and timbers is based on a compression stress parallel to the grain of 1,100 psi (7.6 MPa) when used as a column. When used as a beam in a single member use, the minimum extreme fiber stress in bending is 1,750 psi (12 MPa). Use is assumed in a location where the moisture content will not exceed 19% for an extended period of time. Treatment for durability (Section 4161) is also assumed, where specified.

TABLE 4162.06 B

Common Class* Grade

Light Framing:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine

Joists and Plank:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine

Posts and Timbers:
   Douglas Fir
   Southern Pine
No. 2
No. 2 Dense

No. 1
Dense Structural 65

Select Structural
Dense Structural 65

*Common class is based on a nominal extreme fiber stress in bending of 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa) (minimum 1,450 psi (10 MPa)) for light framing, joists, and plank in a repetitive member use. Common class for posts and timbers is based on a compression stress parallel to grain of 1,000 psi (7 MPa) when used as a column. When used as a beam in single member use, the minimum extreme fiber stress in bending is 1,450 psi (10 MPa). Use is assumed in a location where the moisture content will not exceed 19% for an extended period of time. Treatment for durability (Section 4161) is also assumed, where specified.

Untreated wood material that requires a grade, with the exception of 45 inch (1145 mm) Terminal Posts, shall be stamped with the identifying quality grade mark of an accredited grade monitoring and inspection agency approved by the American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC) under the Untreated Wood Program. If, due to sizing of material, 45 inch (1145 mm) Terminal Posts to be used for guardrail can not be stamped with a quality grade mark, they shall be stamped "MFG No. 1" to indicate that the posts were cut from an original piece graded as a No. 1. Wane requirements will be waived.

Material less than 3 feet (1 m) in length does not require a grade mark; however, the grade of the material shall be certified by the certification statement from the mill/processor in accordance with Materials I.M. 462. Round wood posts, round wood piles, and round wood poles do not require a grade, since the grading rules apply only to sawn material.

4162.07 COMMON BOARD AND SHEATHING.
Common lumber less than a nominal 2 inches (50 mm) in thickness shall conform to the requirements of the American Lumber Standards for the species and grade specified.

LIGHT FRAMING:
Nominal thickness Nominal widths Dressed thickness Dressed widths	2" to 4" (50 mm to 100 mm) 2" to 4" (50 mm to 100 mm) S1S or S2S S1E or S2E
JOIST AND PLANK:
Nominal thickness Nominal widths Dressed thickness Dressed widths Rough	2", 3", and 4" (50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm) 6" (150 mm) and wider in multiples of 2" (50 mm) S1S or S2S S1E or S2E
BEAMS AND STRINGERS:
Nominal thickness Nominal widths Dressed sizes Rough	5" (125 mm) and thicker, rectangular Widths more than 2" (50 mm) greater than thickness S1S, S1E, S2S, or S4S

TABLE 4162.06 A
Structural Class*	Grade
Light Framing: Douglas Fir Southern Pine Joists and Plank: Douglas Fir Southern Pine Beams and Stringers: Douglas Fir Southern Pine Posts and Timbers: Douglas Fir Southern Pine	Dense No. 2 No. 2 Dense Select Structural or Dense No. 1 Dense Structural 72 Dense Select Structural Dense Structural 86 Dense Select Structural Dense Structural 72
*Structural class is based on a nominal extreme fiber stress in bending of 1,900 psi (13 MPa) (minimum 1,850 psi (12.8 MPa)) for light framing, joists, and plank in a repetitive member use; and for beams and stringers in a single member use. Structural class for posts and timbers is based on a compression stress parallel to the grain of 1,100 psi (7.6 MPa) when used as a column. When used as a beam in a single member use, the minimum extreme fiber stress in bending is 1,750 psi (12 MPa). Use is assumed in a location where the moisture content will not exceed 19% for an extended period of time. Treatment for durability (Section 4161) is also assumed, where specified.

TABLE 4162.06 B
Common Class*	Grade
Light Framing: Douglas Fir Southern Pine Joists and Plank: Douglas Fir Southern Pine Posts and Timbers: Douglas Fir Southern Pine	No. 2 No. 2 Dense No. 1 Dense Structural 65 Select Structural Dense Structural 65
*Common class is based on a nominal extreme fiber stress in bending of 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa) (minimum 1,450 psi (10 MPa)) for light framing, joists, and plank in a repetitive member use. Common class for posts and timbers is based on a compression stress parallel to grain of 1,000 psi (7 MPa) when used as a column. When used as a beam in single member use, the minimum extreme fiber stress in bending is 1,450 psi (10 MPa). Use is assumed in a location where the moisture content will not exceed 19% for an extended period of time. Treatment for durability (Section 4161) is also assumed, where specified.