Section 4147. Pipe and Manhole Rehabilitation Materials
A. Polyethylene and Polyolefin Manufactured Pipe for
Sliplining.
1. Pipe.
a. Comply with ASTM D 3035, minimum
pipe stiffness of 46 psi.
b. Polyethylene complying with ASTM
D 1248, Type III, Class C, Category 5, Grade P 34 or ASTM D 3350 Cell
Classification PE 335434C.
c. Maximum outside diameter as
specified in the contract documents.
2. Joints.
a. Joined into continuous length on
job site.
b. Fuse butt joints according to
the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations with approved equipment and complying
with ASTM D 2657.
B. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Corrugated Pipe 12 Inch to 36
Inch for Sliplining.
1. Pipe.
a. Comply with ASTM F 949, minimum
pipe stiffness, 46 psi).
b. PVC plastic complying with ASTM
D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
2. Joints.
Gasketed
joints complying with ASTM F 477 and ASTM D 3212.
C. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Closed Profile Pipe 21 Inch to
48 Inch for Sliplining.
1. Pipe.
a. Comply with ASTM F 1803, minimum
pipe stiffness, 46 psi.
b. PVC plastic complying with ASTM
D 1784, Cell Classification 12364.
2. Joints.
Gasketed joints complying with ASTM F 477 and ASTM D
3212.
1. Pipe.
Comply
with ASTM D 3262.
2. Joints.
Gasketed
joints complying with ASTM D 4161.
E. Resin-Impregnated Tube for Cured-in-place Pipe (CIPP)
Lining.
1. Pipe
Lining.
a. Comply with ASTM F 1216.
b. Use one or more layers of
flexible needled felt or equivalent non-woven material.
c. Stretch material to fit
irregular pipe and negotiate bends.
d. Outside layer plastic coated
with a translucent flexible material. No delamination of plastic coating.
e. Fabricated to a size that when
installed tightly fits length without joints.
f. Designed as per Equation X-1,
ASTM F 1216.
2. Resin
and Catalyst.
a. Unsaturated, styrene-based,
thermoset resin and catalyst system or an epoxy resin and hardener that is
compatible with the inversion process.
b. Cure in the presence of water
with temperature greater than 150ºF and less than 180ºF.
c. Initial structural properties
complying with ASTM F 1216. Comply with Table 4147.01-1.
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3. CIPP
Lining Dimensions.
a. Use nominal internal diameter
and length such that CIPP forms to internal circumference and length of
original pipe.
b. Field verify diameter and
length.
c. Use one continuous length
without joints.
F. Deformed/Reformed High Density Polyethylene Pipe
Lining (DRP-HDPE).
1. Pipe
Lining.
a. Manufactured in deformed shape
from HDPE pipe compound complying with ASTM D 1248, Class C, Category 5 and
Grade P 34.
b. Comply with long term
hydrostatic strength rating of 1600 psi or more according to ASTM D 2837.
c. Environmental stress crack
resistance (ESCR) less than 2000 hours in 100% solution, Igepal CO-630 at 100ºC
before failure according to ASTM D 1693, Condition C.
d. Comply with Table 4147.01-2 for
minimum DRP lining structural standards.
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2. DRP
Lining Dimensions.
a. Nominal internal diameter and
length of existing pipe as specified in the contract documents.
b. Field verify diameter and
length.
c. Outside diameter fabricated to
fit tightly.
d. Use one continuous length
without joints between manholes.
e. Minimum wall thickness complying
with SDR as specified in the contract documents.
G. Folded/Formed Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Lining.
1. Pipe
Lining.
a. Manufacture in deformed shape
complying with ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454 B. Compounds with
different cell classifications because one or more properties are superior to
those specified are acceptable.
b. Performance requirements
complying with ASTM D 3034.
c. Comply with Table 4147.01-3 for
FPP lining structural properties.
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2. FPP
Lining Dimensions.
a. Nominal internal diameter and
length of existing pipe as specified in the contact documents.
b. Field verify diameter and length
prior to manufacturing.
c. Use one continuous length
without joints between manholes.
d. Outside diameter fabricated to
fit tightly.
e. Minimum wall thickness complying
with the specified SDR as specified in the contract documents and complying
with ASTM F 1216.
A. CIPP Main Lining.
1. Fabric Tube and Resin.
Comply with ASTM F 1219 for heat cure or ASTM F 2019 and D 5813 for UV light cure.
2. CIPP Lining Dimensions.
a. Use nominal internal diameter and length such that CIPP forms to internal circumference and length of original pipe.
b. Field verify diameter and length.
c. Use one continuous length without joints.
3. Structural Requirements.
a. Design the CIPP liner according to ASTM F 1216.
b. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, assume fully deteriorated conditions and the following properties for design at each location:
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Table 4147.01-1: CIPP Main Lining Design Values |
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Design Criteria |
Value |
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Factor of safety, N |
2.0 |
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Soil modulus, E’s |
1000 psi |
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Soil density, ω |
120 lb/ft3 |
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Live load, Ws |
H20 |
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Ovality reduction factor, C |
As specified for each location |
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Height of soil above pipe, H |
As specified for each location |
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Height of water above top of pipe, Hw |
1/2 depth of cover |
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Long term flexural strength, σL |
Use value for 50 year design |
c. Set the long term (50 year extrapolated) creep retention factor at 50% of the initial design flexural modulus as determined by ASTM D 790 unless long term test data according to ASTM D 2990 substantiates a different retention factor.
d. Design for internal pressure or vacuum is not required.
4. CIPP Lubricant.
Provide a non-toxic, oil based product that has no detrimental effects on the tube or boiler and pump system, will not support the growth of bacteria, and will not adversely affect the fluid to be transported.
5. CIPP End Seal.
a. Hydrophilic Gasket Sleeve.
Provide a seamlessly molded gasket and retaining ring system complying with ASTM F 3240.
b. Expansion Band System.
1) Provide a one-piece rubber gasket and a pair of stainless-steel expansion bands in a system manufactured specifically for CIPP end seal applications.
2) Provide bands with positive locking mechanism permanently securing the bands in their expanded position after tightening.
3) Comply with material requirements of ASTM C 923 for rubber gasket and stainless steel.
B. CIPP Point Repair.
1. Utilize a repair system that complies with the following requirements.
a. Meet or exceed the material requirements of ASTM F 1216 or ASTM F 2019 and ASTM D 5813.
b. Provides a full wrap section sized to create a circular liner equal to the inner diameter of the pipe. Ensure one end of the CIPP point repair sheet overlaps the second end by a minimum of 10% to allow for variation in pipe diameter.
c. Sufficient strength to bridge missing pipe segments and ability to stretch to fit irregular pipe sizes.
d. Uniform thickness and 10% extra resin.
e. Utilizes a thermoset resin system comprised of a base resin and hardener that cure at ambient temperatures.
f. Has a shrinkage value of less than 0.5% when measured according to ISO 2577 or ASTM D 6289.
g. Designed against corrosion and typical chemicals found in domestic sewage.
2. Liner Length.
Minimum length as specified in the contract documents. Lengths beyond 10 feet may be completed with multiple liners.
3. Structural Requirements.
Design the CIPP point repair according to the structural requirements for CIPP main lining described herein. Assume an ovality of 2% unless otherwise specified in the contract documents.
C. CIPP Service Repair.
1. Utilize a repair system that provides the following.
a. Full circumferential CIPP liner inside the main pipe and a tube that extends continuously from the sewer main into the service for the distance specified in the contract documents.
b. Installation of system from within the sewer main without the need for excavation or access through a clean out.
c. The ability to seal a combination of tees and wyes of varying angles.
d. The ability to seal the connection of the service to the mainline in a continuous, tight fitting, watertight pipe within a pipe that eliminates infiltration and root intrusion between the liner and host pipe.
2. Liner Length.
a. CIPP Service Connection Repair: Provide service liner with a length of 12 to 24 inches to seal the connection between the main line and the wye or tee.
b. Partial Service Pipe: Provide service liner with a length between 12 and 24 inches, as specified in the contract documents, to seal the connection from the main line to the first service pipe joint.
c. Main Pipe Liner Length: Provide main pipe liner with a length of 18 inches minimum.
3. Fabric Tube.
a. Provide a fabric tube consisting of one or more layers of absorbent non-woven felt fabric, felt/fiberglass, or fiberglass complying with the requirements of ASTM F 1216 or ASTM F 2019 and ASTM D 5813.
b. Provide nominal fabric tube wall thickness to the nearest 0.5 mm increment as required by the thickness design. Ensure the wet-out fabric tube has a uniform thickness that, when compressed at installation pressures, meets or exceeds the design thickness after cure.
c. Coat inside (after installation) of fabric tube with an impermeable, flexible membrane that will contain the resin and facilitate vacuum impregnation.
d. Mark the fabric tube with the name of the lining system manufacturer and manufacturing lot or production footage. Ensure print is visible during final CCTV inspection.
4. Resin.
a. Provide a chemical-resistant thermoset (heat or UV light) resin and catalyst system or epoxy resin and catalyst / hardener system that, when cured within the fabric tube, complies with requirements of ASTM F 1216 or ASTM F 2019 and ASTM D 5813.
b. Method of cure may be by heat source, UV light, or ambient temperature.
c. Provide resin to tube ratio as recommended by the manufacturer.
5. Structural Requirements.
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Table 4147.01-2: CIPP Main Service Design Values |
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Design Criteria |
Value |
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Factor of safety, N |
2.0 |
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Soil modulus, E’s |
1000 psi |
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Soil density, ω |
120 lb/ft3 |
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Live load, Ws |
H20 |
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Ovality reduction factor, C |
2% |
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Height of soil above pipe, H |
As specified for each location |
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Height of water above top of pipe, Hw |
1/2 depth of cover |
c. Comply with the following minimum structural properties:
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Table 4147.01-3: Minimum Structural Properties for CIPP Service |
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Property |
Test Method |
Minimum Value |
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Flexural modulus of elasticity |
ASTM D 790 |
250,000 psi |
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Flexural Strength |
ASTM D 790 |
4500 psi |
D. Chemical Grout.
1. Grout.
Provide a chemical grout (chemical sealing material) complying with ASTM F 2304 or ASTM F 2454.
2. Additives.
Strengthening agents, shrinkage reducers, dyes, viscosity modifiers, gel time modifiers, and freeze/thaw inhibiters, are allowed at the Contractor’s discretion. Provide additives compatible with the chemical grout and complying with chemical grout manufacturer’s requirements.
3. Root Inhibiter.
When specified in the contract documents, provide a root deterrent chemical to control root regrowth. Ensure root inhibitor is compatible with chemical grout and additives and complies with grout manufacturer’s requirements.
E. Sewer Dye.
Provide tracer dye complying with NSF/ANSI 60.
H F. Pipe Repair Couplings for Spot Repairs by
Pipe Replacement.
1. Style.
Full circle, fully lined, bolted.
2. Length.
As recommended by the manufacturer for pipe diameter; 12 inches, minimum.
3. Materials and Manufacturer.
a. Shells, armors, side bars, lugs, Turner lifting bars, bolts, and nuts complying with ASTM A 240, Type 304 stainless steel.
b. MIG welds, fully passivated.
c. Rubber gasket complying with ASTM D 2000, AA415 with full coverage and grid pattern.
d. Stainless steel armor bonded to gasket to bridge lug area.
4. Nuts and Bolts.
1/2 inch or 5/8 inch, complying with ASTM A 240, Type 304 stainless steel, Teflon coated threads.
I G. Sewer Main Pipe (For Spot Repairs).
1. Apply Section 2504.
2. Use materials for pipe replacement as specified in the contract documents or approved by the Engineer.
4147.02 Manhole Rehabilitation.
Apply Article 4149.02, J, for external and internal rubber chimney seals.
1. Use only when specified in the contract documents.
2. Comply with Table 4147.02-1 for the physical properties:
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Table 4147.02-1: Physical Properties |
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Property |
ASTM Test Method |
Acceptable Value |
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Elongation |
D 412 |
800%, minimum |
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Tensile Strength |
D 412 |
1150 psi, minimum |
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Adhesive Strength |
D 903 |
175 lb/in, minimum |
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Pressure Resistance |
C 1244 |
2 minutes |
C. In-Situ Manhole Replacement, Cast-in-place Concrete.
1. Forming System.
Provide an internal forming system capable of forming a new and structurally independent manhole wall within the existing manhole, with the specified thickness and conforming to the general shape of the existing manhole.
2. Concrete.
Type I/II Portland cement with 5/8 inch minus coarse aggregate with fiber reinforcement and water reducer, 4000 psi minimum 28 day compressive strength or as approved by the Engineer.
3. Plastic Liner.
When specified, provide a PVC or PE plastic liner resistant to degradation by sulfuric acid. Use a liner capable of being attached to the exterior of the forming system during erection of the forms. Use a plastic liner with a ribbed or studded exterior surface suitable for anchoring to the newly formed interior wall.
4. Casting.
Provide new casting. Apply Article 4149.02, I.
D. Centrifugally Cast Cementitious Mortar Liner with Epoxy Seal.
1. Cementitious Lining.
a. Use a high-strength, high-build, corrosion-resistant mortar, based on Portland cement fortified with micro silica. Mixed mortar is to have a paste-like consistency that may be sprayed, cast, pumped, or gravity-flowed into any area 1/2 inch and larger.
b. Comply with Table 4147.02-2 for physical properties:
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Table 4147.02-2: Physical Properties |
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Property |
Value |
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Unit Weight |
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Set Time at 70°F ASTM C 403 |
240 minutes / |
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Initial Set / Final Set |
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Modulus of Elasticity ASTM C 469 |
180,000 psi min / 1,150,000 psi min |
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24 hours / 28 days |
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Flexural Strength ASTM C 293 |
650 psi min / 800 psi min |
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24 hours / 28 days |
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Compressive Strength ASTM C 109 |
3000 psi / 10,000 psi |
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24 hours / 28 days |
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Tensile Strength ASTM C 307 |
600 psi |
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Shear Bond ASTM C 882 |
>1000 psi |
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Shrinkage ASTM C 157 |
None |
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Chloride Permeability ASTM C 1202 |
<550 Coulombs |
c. Use a lining containing a liquid admixture for the prevention of micro-biologically induced corrosion.
2. Corrosion-Resistant Epoxy Lining.
a. Use a two-component 100% solids epoxy formulated for use in sewer systems.
b. Comply with Table 4147.02-3 for physical properties:
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Table 4147.02-3: Physical Properties |
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Property |
Value |
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Dry Time |
4-6 hours at 75°F; 50% Relative Humidity |
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Compressive Strength ASTM D 695 |
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Flexural Strength ASTM D 790 |
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Tensile Strength ASTM D 638 |
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Hardness ASTM D 2240 |
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Ultimate Elongation ASTM D 638 |
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Adhesion ASTM D 7234 |
Substrate Failure |
3. Casting.
Provide new casting. Apply Article 4149.02, I.