2316.02 MEASUREMENT.
The Contractor shall provide and operate an Ames or California type profilograph to produce a profilogram (profile trace) of the surface tested in accordance with Materials I.M. 341. Other types of profilographs or profilers that produce compatible results and meet the requirements of Materials I.M. 341 may be used.

When a pavement, for which smoothness is to be tested is adjacent to an existing old pavement, smoothness must also be tested on the old pavement 3 feet (1 m) from the adjacent edge for ABI calculation. Should the surface of the old pavement be specified for correction, smoothness testing for ABI calculation shall be done after correction.

All objects and foreign material on the pavement surface, including protective covers, if used, shall be removed by the Contractor prior to testing, and if appropriate, protective covers shall be properly replaced by the Contractor after testing.

A profilogram shall be made for each segment of 50 feet (15 m) or more. The profilogram shall include the 16 feet (5 m) beyond the ends of the section.

A. Pavements.
The pavement surface will be divided into sections that represent continuous placement. A section will terminate at a day's work joint (header), a bridge, similar interruption, or when continuous placement crosses to a section with a different smoothness designation. Sections longer than 778 feet or 0.147 miles (240 m) placed without interruption will be separated into segments of 0.1 mile (160 m). The terminating segment may be shorter than 0.1 mile (160 m) and greater than 250 feet (80 m) and is still considered a segment. A segment is to be in only one traffic lane. Each traffic lane will be tested and evaluated separately. Gaps in otherwise continuous sections, for temporary crossings, or similar construction sequencing, will be tested, when placed, and included in the adjacent section evaluation.

B. Bridge Approach Sections.
Bridge approach sections shall not be considered a part of a pavement segment, section, or project.

2316.03 PROFILOGRAPH TESTING.
The Contractor shall perform testing and furnish the profilogram results to the Engineer. The testing and evaluation shall be done by a trained and certified person, and the evaluation shall be certified in accordance with Materials I.M. 341.

Each segment shall be tested within 48 hours following placement. The profile index for each segment of paving shall be furnished to the Engineer by the end of the next day worked following the placement until there has been 3 consecutive days of paving where the index for all segments would result in 100% payment or better. Should any following day be evaluated to receive less than 100% payment, the Engineer shall be notified immediately, and corrective action shall be taken to modify paving methods and equipment to achieve 100% payment or better.

All final profilograph test reports and profile traces shall be submitted to the Engineer within 14 calendar days following completion of paving on the project. Selected reports and traces may be requested by the Engineer in advance of paving completion for purposes of validating the Contractor’s test results. Incentive payments for qualifying segments will be made following receipt of appropriate documentation of certified smoothness results.

The Engineer will perform verification testing to validate the contractor’s certified quality control testing. If the Engineer’s verification test results validate the Contractor’s test results, the Contractor's results will be used for acceptance. Disputes between the Contractor's and Engineer's test results will be resolved in accordance with Materials I.M. 341. The Engineer may test the entire project length if it is determined that the Contractor certified test results are inaccurate, and the Contractor will be charged for this work at a rate of $400.00 per mile ($250.00 per kilometer), per profile track, with a minimum charge of $800.00. Furnishing inaccurate tests may result in decertification of the Contractor's certified operator.

2316.04 PROFILE INDEX.
A profile index shall be calculated for each segment from the profilogram in accordance with Materials I.M. 341 except for:

1. Side road connections less than 600 feet (180 m) in length.
2. Single lift pavement overlays 2 inches (50 mm) or less in thickness unless the existing surface has been corrected by milling or scarification.
3. Storage lanes and turn lanes.
4. Pavement less than 8.5 feet (2.6 m) in width.
5. The 16 feet (5 m) at the ends of the section when the Contractor is not responsible for the adjoining surface.
6. Runout tapers on HMS overlays at existing pavement, bridges, or bridge approach sections when the thickness is less than the design thickness.

If there is a segment of 250 feet or 0.047 mile (80 m) or less in length at the end of a section, the profilograph measurements for that segment shall be added to and included in the evaluation of the adjacent segment in that section.

Bumps and dips shall be separately identified on all profilograms. These appear as high or low points on the profilogram and correspond to high points (bumps) or low points (dips) on the pavement surface. They are identified by locating vertical deviations exceeding 0.5 inches for a 25 foot (13 mm for a 7.6 m) span for both bumps and dips as indicated on the profilogram.

2316.05 SURFACE CORRECTION.
Surface correction for pavement smoothness may be required which includes bumps or dips. The correction shall be completed before the determination of pavement thickness.

Bump, dip, and smoothness correction work shall be for the full lane width of the paved surface.

All correction work shall be subject to the approval by the Engineer. After all required correction work is completed, the final profile index shall be determined.

A. Portland Cement Concrete Pavement.
PCC pavement surface correction shall be accomplished by grinding the pavement using a diamond grinder, by PCC resurfacing, or by replacement. Grinding and texturing equipment shall meet the requirements of Section 2532, except the cutting head shall have a minimum width of 24 inches (600 mm). Surface correction shall be performed parallel to lane lines or edge lines as directed by the Engineer and each pass shall be parallel to the previous passes. The ground surface shall be of uniform texture.

Adjacent passes shall not overlap more than 1 inch (25 mm) and they shall not have a vertical difference of more than 1/8 inch (3 mm) as measured from bottom of groove to bottom of groove. Smoothness correction shall begin and end at lines normal to the pavement lane lines or edge lines within any one corrected area. The grinding shall proceed from the center line or lane line toward the pavement edge to maintain pavement cross slope.

B. Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements.
For asphalt pavements, the surface correction shall be accomplished by diamond grinding, by overlaying the area, by replacing the area, or by inlaying the area.

If the surface is corrected by diamond grinding, the work and equipment shall be the same as specified for PCC pavement except that the ground surface shall be covered with a seal coat in accordance with Section 2307 with the following modifications.

The binder bitumen may be the same material used for tack coat, applied at a rate of 0.10 gallon per square yard (0.45 L/m²). Hand methods may be used for spraying.

The cover aggregate shall be sand, applied at a rate of 10 pounds per square yard (5 kg/m²). Hand methods may be used for spreading. The sand shall be slightly damp, but with no free moisture, as determined by visual inspection. Embedment shall be by at least one complete pneumatic roller coverage.

This seal coat is intended to be placed immediately after the diamond grinding is completed in the travel lane. This work shall be completed when the road surface temperature is above 60ºF (16ºC).

Labor, equipment, and materials used for this seal coat will not be paid for separately, but shall be considered incidental to the items for which correction is required.

If the surface is corrected by overlay, replacement or inlay, the surface correction shall begin and end with a transverse saw cut normal to the pavement lane lines or edge lines within any one area. Profile of surface must be smooth with no bumps or dips at beginning or end of correction. Overlay correction must be for the entire pavement width. Pavement cross slope must be maintained through the corrected areas.

2316.06 BUMPS AND DIPS.
Bumps and dips, including those at headers, on all pavements for which pavement smoothness is designated shall be evaluated. Correction work will be required in accordance with the following criteria and in areas excluded from profilograph testing, for deviations exceeding 1/8 inch in 10 feet (3 mm in 3 m).

A. Bumps.
For all pavements evaluated, all bumps exceeding 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) within a 25 foot (7.6 m) span, as indicated on the profilogram, shall be assessed a price adjustment or be corrected at the discretion of the Engineer except as stated in Article 2316.06, C.

Corrected bumps will be considered satisfactory when measurement by the profilograph shows that the bumps are 0.3 inch (8 mm) or less in a 25 foot (7.6 m) span.

When a lane over 8.5 feet (2.6 m) in width, for through traffic, is constructed adjacent to an existing old pavement, bump correction or price adjustment to the Contractor for a bump will not apply if a bump exists at that location in the adjacent existing old pavement.

B. Dips.
On all pavements, dips of 0.5 inch to 1.0 inch (12.7 mm to 25 mm) in a 25 foot (7.6 m) span, as indicated on the profilogram, shall be assessed a price adjustment or be corrected at the discretion of the Engineer except as stated in Article 2316.06, C. The Contractor will be required to replace the pavement in areas with dips over 1.0 inch (25 mm). Corrected dips will be considered satisfactory when the profilogram shows the dips are less than 0.3 inch (8 mm) in a 25 foot (7.6 m) span.

When a lane over 8.5 feet (2.6 m) in width is constructed adjacent to an existing old pavement, correction of a dip or price adjustment to the Contractor for a dip will not be required if a dip exists at that location in the adjacent existing old pavement.

C. Exceptions.
When the Contractor is not responsible for the adjoining pavement, bumps and dips exceeding 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) located within 16 feet (5 m) either side of the end of a section will be evaluated by the Engineer. The Contractor will not be price adjusted for bumps and dips in this area. When instructed by the Engineer to repair these bumps and dips, the Contractor will be paid in accordance with Article 1109.03, B.

2316.07 SMOOTHNESS.
The smoothness of pavements will be compensated by the addition (incentive) or the subtraction (price reduction) of a determined amount for each segment of pavement to the price bid for pavement. These amounts are identified in the appropriate schedule of Article 2316.08.

A. Pavement Where Schedule A Smoothness is Required.
For the appropriate categories of highway, as shown in Schedule A, incentives for pavement smoothness will be paid for each segment of pavement with an initial index per mile (kilometer) per segment of 3.0 inches (48 mm) or less.

For segments with an initial index of 7.1 to 10.0 inches per mile (111 mm/km to 160 mm/km), the Contractor shall receive a price reduction.

For segments with an index of 10.1 inches per mile (161 mm/km) and greater, the Contractor shall grind the surface to a final index of 7.0 inches per mile (110 mm/km) or less.

B. Pavement Where Schedule B Smoothness is Required.
For all highways, incentives for pavement smoothness will be paid for each segment of pavement with an initial index of 12 inches per mile (190 mm/km) per segment or less.

For all segments with an initial index of 22.1 to 30.0 inches per mile (346 mm/km to 475 mm/km), the Contractor shall receive a price reduction.

For segments with an index of 30.1 inches per mile (476 mm/km) and greater, the Contractor shall grind the surface to a final index of 22.0 inches per mile (345 mm/km) or less.

C. Pavement Adjacent to Existing Pavement.
For each segment of new pavement 8.5 feet (2.6 m) or more in width, and over 600 feet (180 m) in length, which is to be matched to the surface of an existing pavement, smoothness will be evaluated by the Average Base Index (ABI) as defined in Article 2316.01, A or B.

Surface correction is required for smoothness exceeding ABI + 12 (190) when Schedule A is required and exceeding ABI + 30 (475) when Schedule B is required. Payment will be based on results after correction in accordance with Schedule C.

Areas not included in the profilograph test shall be checked longitudinally with a 10 feet (3 m) straight edge and the surface shall not deviate from a straight line by more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet (3 mm in 3 m). If correction is necessary, it shall meet requirements of Article 2316.05.

D. Bridge Approach Sections.
Smoothness of bridge approach sections will not be used in the calculations for incentive or price reduction of pavement segments, sections, or the project.

2316.08 SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT.
For each traffic lane of main line pavement and each traffic lane of interchange ramps and loops evaluated for smoothness, as defined in Article 2316.01, the Engineer will determine the length of each segment in miles (kilometers).

For roadways, the Contractor may receive an incentive payment or be assessed a price reduction based on the number of qualifying segments and the initial profile index.

Pavement segments excluding repair work that are subject to profilograph testing, as defined in Article 2316.04, will be considered for additional payment as a smoothness incentive or price reduction. For a segment to be qualified for incentive, there must be no grinding within that segment.

Surface correction (grinding) of bridge approach sections, and as stated in Article 2316.06, C, will not count as surface correction on adjacent pavement segments and will not detract from possible incentive payments on those segments.

Single lift pavement resurfacing 2 inches (50 mm) or more in thickness that have milling or scarification of the original pavement, shall be rated using the multi-lift schedules.

A $900 price adjustment shall be assessed for each dip not corrected in each pavement lane under Schedule A and B except as stated in Article 2316.06, C. In addition, a $900 price adjustment will be assessed for each bump not corrected under Schedule A and B except as stated in Article 2316.06, C. Bumps and dips not corrected will also be included in the evaluation for the segment smoothness.

The cost of certified smoothness and associated traffic control shall be incidental to the cost of the pavement.

These payments or assessments will be based on the following schedules:

A. Schedule A Smoothness Requirements.
Pavement segments which are designated for Schedule A smoothness will be evaluated for incentive or price reduction assessments as follows:

INCENTIVES FOR PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS
INITIAL PROFILE INDEX	SINGLE LIFT PAVEMENTS		MULTI-LIFT PAVEMENTS
Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment (1)	Primary	Non-Primary	Primary	Non-Primary
	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment
0-1.0 1.1-2.0 2.1-3.0 3.1-7.0	700 600 450 Unit Price	300 250 200 Unit Price	250 200 150 Unit Price	125 100 50 Unit Price
(0-16) (17-32) (33-48) (49-110)	700 600 450 Unit Price	300 250 200 Unit Price	250 200 150 Unit Price	125 100 50 Unit Price
(1) For each segment of pavement that has an initial index, within the limits listed, with no grinding, the Contractor will receive an incentive payment as shown in the tabulation for the appropriate category.

PRICE REDUCTION FOR PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS
Initial Profile Index	Single Lift Pavements		Multi-Lift Pavements
Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment	Primary	Non-Primary	Primary	Non-Primary
	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment
3.1-7.0 7.1-10.0 10.1 & Over(1)	Unit Price 200 Grind Only	Unit Price 100 Grind Only	Unit Price 100 Grind Only	Unit Price 50 Grind Only
(48-110) (111-160) (161 & Over)(1)	Unit Price 200 Grind Only	Unit Price 100 Grind Only	Unit Price 100 Grind Only	Unit Price 50 Grind Only
(1) For segments with an initial index of 10.1 (161) and over, the Contractor shall grind the surface to a final index of 7.0 (110) or better. In lieu of grinding the surface to a final index of 7.0 (110) or better, the Contractor may elect to replace part or all of the segment.

B. Schedule B Smoothness Requirements.
Pavement segments for which Schedule B smoothness is designated and which is indexed in segments greater than 50 feet (15 m), will be evaluated for incentive or price reduction as follows.

For individual segments shorter than 50 feet (15 m), properly corrected if required, no price reduction assessment will be made.

INCENTIVES FOR PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS
Initial Profile Index	New Pavements	Resurfaced Pavements
Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment(1)	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment
0 - 4.0 (0 - 65) 4.1 - 8.0 (66 - 130) 8.1 - 12.0 (131 - 190) 12.1 - 22.0 (191 - 345)	600 500 400 Unit Price	300 250 200 Unit Price
(1) For each segment of pavement that has an initial index, within the limits listed, with no grinding, the Contractor will receive an incentive payment as shown in the tabulation for the appropriate category.

PRICE REDUCTION FOR PAVEMENT SMOOTHNESS
Per Segment Index	New Pavements	Resurfaced Pavements
Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment
12.1 - 22.0 (191 - 345) 22.1 - 30.0 (346 - 475) 30.1 & over (1) (476 & over)	Unit Price 500 Grind Only	Unit Price 250 Grind Only
(1) For segments with an initial index of 30.1 (476) and over, the Contractor shall grind the surface to a finish index of 22.0 (345) or better. In lieu of accepting a price reduction and grinding the surface to a final index of 22.0 (345) or better the Contractor may elect to replace part or all of the segment.

C. Pavement Adjacent To Existing Pavement.
For new pavement which has been matched to an existing old pavement for which an Average Base Index (ABI) was calculated, the pavement will be evaluated for a price reduction for each segment based on Schedule A or Schedule B payment.

SCHEDULE C INITIAL PROFILE INDEX or PROFILE INDEX AFTER CORRECTION
(Schedule A) Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment	(Schedule B) Inches Per Mile (mm/km) Per Segment	Dollars Per Segment
0 to ABI ABI + 0.1 (1) to ABI +4 (65) incl. ABI + 4.1 (66) to ABI +8.0 (130) incl. ABI + 8.1 (131) to ABI +12 (190) incl. Greater than ABI + 12 (190)	0 to ABI ABI + 0.1 (0.1) to ABI + 10 (160) incl. ABI + 10.1 (161) to ABI + 20 (315) incl. ABI + 20.1 (316) to ABI + 30 (475) incl. Greater than ABI + 30 (470)	0 300 500 800 Grind Only

D. Bridge Approach Sections.
Bridge approach sections shall be corrected for smoothness as specified in Section 2428.