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Iowa DOT History

Transportation in Iowa: A Historical Summary (William H. Thompson)

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Complete Book

Table of Contents

	Cover
	Copyright
	Dedication
	Acknowledgements
	Table of Contents
	Prologue

Chapter One - Early Transportation in Iowa Before Railroads

	Introduction
	Development, Geography, and Land
	Settlement
	Roads and Highways
	The Plank Road Era
	Stagecoaching
	Steamboating on the Eastern Rivers
	The Missouri River Steamboat Era
	Canals
	The Des Moines River Project - Purpose and Plan
	The Des Moines River Project - Impact of the River Project
	Summary

Chapter Two - Railroad Construction and Influence in Iowa

	Introduction
	Building to the Mississippi River
	Crossing the Mississippi River-Ferries
	Bridging the Mississippi River
	Railroads in Iowa - The Initial Phase
	Railroads in Iowa - The Land Grants
	Railroads in Iowa - The War and Postwar Period
	Railroads in Iowa - The Chicago and North Western
	Railroads in Iowa - The Rock Island
	Railroads in Iowa - The Burlington
	Railroads in Iowa - The Illinois Central
	Railroads in Iowa - The Milwaukee
	Railroads in Iowa - The North-South Lines
	Railroads in Iowa - Other Railroads
	Railroads in Iowa - Narrow Gauge Railroads
	Railroads in Iowa - Branch Lines
	Railroads in Iowa - Evolution of the Passenger Train
	Railroads in Iowa - Introduction of Pullman Cars
	Railroads in Iowa - The Influence of Railroads on Iowa 's Development
	Railroads in Iowa - Population Trends
	Railroads in Iowa - Agriculture and Industry
	Railroads in Iowa - Railroads and the Legislature
	Railroads in Iowa - Growing Anti-Railroad Sentiment
	Summary

Chapter Three - Railroads and Public Opinion

	Introduction
	The Iowa Pool
	The Granger Movement
	Granger Legislation
	Railroad Legislation in Midwestern States
	The Granger Cases
	Impact of the "Granger Cases" on the State
	The Repeal of the "Granger Law"
	Federal Regulation of Railroads
	The Act to Regulate Commerce
	Iowa Railroad Classifications
	The Railroad Commission's Interpretation of the New Law
	A Potential Problem Emerges
	The Industrial Structure-1880 to 1890
	Sunday Trains
	The Movement for Regulatory Reform - Governor Larabee and Regulatory Reform
	The Movement for Regulatory Reform - Railroad legislation of 1888
	The Movement for Regulatory Reform - Results of the 1888 legislation
	Summary

Chapter Four - The Movement For Good Roads

	Introduction
	The Good Roads Movement
	The Iowa Initiative
	National Roads Associations
	Road Legislation, 1880 to 1920 - State Road Laws
	Road Legislation, 1880 to 1920 - The Federal Road Act of 1916
	Road legislation, 1920 to 1930 - The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921
	Road legislation, 1920 to 1930 - State Primary Road Laws
	Road legislation, 1920 to 1930 - Bonding for Highways
	Road legislation, 1920 to 1930 - The Secondary Road Law
	Road legislation, 1920 to 1930 - Evolution of the County Engineer
	State Road Administration - The Highway Commission , 1904·1913
	State Road Administration - The State Highway Commission, 1913
	State Road Administration - Cooperative Activities
	State Road Administration - The Major Commission Funds
	Summary

Chapter Five - The Transportation Structure of Iowa: 1900-1920

	Introduction
	Railroads - General Observations
	Railroads - Highway and Farm Crossings
	Railroads - Railroad Operations
	Railroads - Agricultural Traffic
	Railroads - The Corn Gospel Trains
	Railroad Rate Regulatory Control - The Federal level
	Railroad Rate Regulatory Control - The General Rate level Cases
	Railroad Rate Regulatory Control - The State Level
	Changes in the Railroad Route Structure - Closing the Gaps
	Changes in the Railroad Route Structure - Improvements in Motive Power
	Changes in the Railroad Route Structure - Steam Passenger Trains
	Changes in the Railroad Route Structure - The Battles for Financial Control
	Roads and Highways - The Highways of lowa-1904·1908
	Roads and Highways - Geology and Road Building
	Roads and Highways - Early Road Building
	Roads and Highways - Sporadic Road Building
	Roads and Highways - The King Road Drag
	Roads and Highways - Bridges
	Roads and Highways - Highway Funding and Traffic
	Roads and Highways - Highway Progress Under the New Commission
	Roads and Highways - The State Highway Department, 1913-1920
	Roads and Highways - Hard-Surfaced Roads-The Problems
	Roads and Highways - The Lincoln Highway
	Roads and Highways - The Jefferson Highway
	Roads and Highways - Highway Accidents and Fatalities
	Roads and Highways - Convict Labor on State Institutional Roads
	Roads and Highways - Traffic Surveys
	Roads and Highways - The Highway Situation by 1920
	River Transportation-The Doldrums - The Upper Mississippi River
	River Transportation-The Doldrums - The Missouri River
	Early Aviation in Iowa - The Pioneers
	Early Aviation in Iowa - World Famous Aviators
	Early Aviation in Iowa - The War Years-1917-1918
	Summary

Chapter Six - Street Railways and Electric Interurbans to 1920

	Street Railways - Introduction
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Des Moines
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Dubuque
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Davenport
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Clinton
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Council Bluffs
	Street Railways - The Iowa Experience - Other City Street Railways
	Street Railways - Novel and Unique Projects - The Dubuque "Inclines"
	Street Railways - Novel and Unique Projects - The Sioux City Elevated
	Street Railways - Novel and Unique Projects - The Sioux City Cable Railway:
	Electric Interurbans - Introduction
	Electric Interurbans - Major Electric Interurbans - The Fort Dodge, Des Moines & Southern Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Major Electric Interurbans - The Cedar Valley Road and Crandic
	Electric Interurbans - Major Electric Interurbans - The Des Moines and Central Iowa Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Major Electric Interurbans - The Clinton, Davenport and Muscatine Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Southern Iowa Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Mason City and Clear Lake Trac ti on Company
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Charles City Western Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Cedar Rapids and Marion Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Oskaloosa to Buxton Railway
	Electric Interurbans - Short line Interurbans - The Colfax S prings Railway
	Summary

Chapter Seven - Transportation Policy and Operational Changes in the 1920s

	Introduction
	Rail-Highway Competition
	Agricultural Distress in the Postwar Years
	The Transportation Act of 1920
	Impact on Shippers and the States
	Other Provisions of the 1920 Railroad Legislation
	The Hoch-Smith Resolution
	Federal Highway and Air Legislation
	Railroad Operations - The Railroads Adjust to Postwar Conditions
	Railroad Operations - Railroad Passenger Services and Fares
	Railroad Operations - Merger Proposals
	Railroad Operations - Bankruptcies
	Railroad Operations - Railroad Operations in Iowa
	Railroad Operations - Electric Interurbans
	The Motor Vehicle in Iowa
	The Motor Vehicle in Iowa - Supervision of Motor Buses and Trucks
	A Busy Railroad Commission
	The State Highway Commission - Highway Progress
	The State Highway Commission - Numbering and Marking Highways
	The State Highway Commission - Numbering License Plates
	The State Highway Commission - The Primary Road System in the Early Twenties
	The State Highway Commission - State Policy Requested on Future Highway Improvements
	The State Highway Commission - Proposed Improvement Plans
	The State Highway Commission - The State Highway Bonding Issue
	The State Highway Commission - Highway Safety Measures
	Commercial Air Service
	Commercial Air Service - Airport Construction
	Commercial Air Service - Airline Service and Routes
	Commercial Air Service - Early Operations
	Revival of River Transportation
	Revival of River Transportation - The Inland Waterways Corporation
	Revival of River Transportation - Terminals. Towboats and Barges
	Revival of River Transportation - Missouri River Developments
	Summary

Chapter Eight - The 1930s-Depression and its Aftermath

	Introduction
	National Economic Indicators and A Profile of Iowa in 1930
	The Crisis in Agriculture
	Depression Hits the Railroads - Economic Problems of Iowa Railroads
	Depression Hits the Railroads - Bankruptcies and Reorganizations
	Depression Hits the Railroads - Economic Problems for the Electric Interurbans
	Pre- and Postwar Streamlined Passenger Trains - The Burlington Zephyrs
	Pre- and Postwar Streamlined Passenger Trains - The Northwestern's Cities
	Pre- and Postwar Streamlined Passenger Trains - The Rock Island Rockets
	Pre- and Postwar Streamlined Passenger Trains - The Milwaukee Hiawathas and Other Streamliners
	Pre- and Postwar Streamlined Passenger Trains - Streamliners and Passenger Revenues
	Congress Acts to Meet the Railroad Emergency
	Federal Regulation of Other Modes - Interstate Motor Carriers
	Federal Regulation of Other Modes - Commercial Motor Carrier Passenger and Freight Traffic
	Federal Regulation of Other Modes - Commercial Airlines
	The Demise of the Railroad Commission
	Federal Aid for Highway Construction - The National Level
	Federal Aid for Highway Construction - The State Level
	Formation of the Highway Patrol
	Highway Concerns at the Close of the Decade
	Pipelines Come to Iowa
	Pipelines Come to Iowa - A Brief History
	River Developments Affecting Iowa - Locks, Dams, and the Nine Foot Channel on the Mississippi
	River Developments Affecting Iowa - The Missouri
	Aviation Activity
	Aviation Activity - Airports and Pilots
	Aviation Activity - Iowa-Based Airlines and Commercial Service
	Summary

Chapter Nine - World War II and Post-War 1940-1960

	Introduction
	Federal Transportation Legislation - The Transportation Act of 1940
	Federal Transportation Legislation - Other Railroad-Related Legislation
	Wartime Transportation Arrangements - The Railroads
	Wartime Transportation Arrangements - Motor Carriers and Highways
	Wartime Earnings for the Western Railroads
	Highway Construction Curtailed, 1942·1945
	The PostWar Years - Railroad Problems
	The PostWar Years - Operations in Iowa
	The PostWar Years - Trends in Railroad Passenger Service
	The PostWar Years - Realignment of the Service in Iowa
	The PostWar Years - Electric Interurbans
	Federal Aid to Highways
	Federal Aid to Highways - Highway Issues in Iowa
	Federal Aid to Highways - Administrative Changes in the Fifties
	The Toll Road Proposal
	Highway Improvements and a New Study Committee
	A Brief Review of Commission Activities
	The Liquid Pipeline Network
	River Navigation - Mississippi River Improvements
	River Navigation - The Pick-Sloan Plan on the Missouri
	Iowa Officially Enters the Air Age
	Iowa Officially Enters the Air Age - The Federal Airport Act
	Iowa Officially Enters the Air Age - Airplanes in Use
	Iowa Officially Enters the Air Age - Air Marking
	Iowa Officially Enters the Air Age - Airline Service
	The Federal Aviation Agency
	Summary

Chapter Ten - The Transportation Industry in Transition - The 1960s

	Introduction
	Changes in the Transportation Markets, Gross National Product and the Modal Shares
	Determinants of the Total Freight Market
	The Iowa Transportation Market in the 1960s - Market Determinants
	The Iowa Transportation Market in the 1960s - Condition of the Railroads
	The Iowa Transportation Market in the 1960s - Intermodal Relationships
	The Iowa Transportation Market in the 1960s - Equipment Shortages
	The Iowa Transportation Market in the 1960s - Intermodal Coordination
	The Movement Toward Railroad Mergers - The Issues
	The Movement Toward Railroad Mergers - Merger Activity of Railroads Serving Iowa
	Public Transit
	The Federal Department of Transportation
	Social and Environmental Concerns
	Highway Progress and Interstate Programs in Iowa - Transitional Trends
	Highway Progress and Interstate Programs in Iowa - Interstate Highway Construction
	Highway Progress and Interstate Programs in Iowa - Primary and Secondary Roads
	Highway Progress and Interstate Programs in Iowa - Highway Improvements
	Trends in Air Transportation
	Waterborne Commerce - The Alter Company
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Regulation and Fragmentation of State Authority
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Service to Small Towns
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Airport Planning
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Highway Financing
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Conflicts between Social and Economic Goals
	Transportation Policy Issues and Conflicts in the 1960s - Creation of a State Department of Transportation
	Summary

Chapter Eleven - Change, Confusion and Crisis - The 1970s and 1980s

	Introduction
	The State Department of Transportation
	The National Transportation Dilemma
	Rescuing the Railroads
	Rescuing the Railroads - The National Railroad Passenger Act
	Rescuing the Railroads - Iowa's Segment of the AMTRAK System
	Rescuing the Railroads - The 3R and 4R Legislation
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - The Chicago and North Western
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - The Final Days of the Rock Island
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - The Bankruptcy of the Chicago and Milwaukee
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - Burlington Northern
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - Illinois Central Gulf
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - Other Class I Railroads
	The Railroad Situation in Iowa - Class III Rail Carriers
	The Iowa Railroad Finance Authority
	The Iowa Railroad Finance Authority - The Heartland and Iowa Interstate Railroad Venture
	Confusion in Transportation Policy versus Export Trends
	Highways, Bridges, and the 65-Foot Double Bottom Controversy - Motor Vehicle Traffic and Highways
	Highways, Bridges, and the 65-Foot Double Bottom Controversy - Bridges
	Highways, Bridges, and the 65-Foot Double Bottom Controversy - The 65-Foot Twin-Trailer Issue
	Functional Classifications - Railroads
	Functional Classifications - Highways
	Rural Transportation
	Public Transit
	Public Transit - Federal Transit Policy
	Public Transit - Public Transit in Iowa
	Public Transit - Intercity Bus Service
	River Conditions - User Charges
	The Lock and Dam 26 Problem
	The Lock and Dam 26 Problem - The Iowa Rail·Barge Tariff
	State Aviation System Evaluation
	Summary

Chapter Twelve - Deregulation and Transportation Policy Issues

	Introduction
	Federal Transportation Reform Legislation - The Airline Industry
	Federal Transportation Reform Legislation - The Motor Carrier Industry
	Federal Transportation Reform Legislation - The Railroad Industry
	The Impact of Regulatory Reform - General Observations
	The Impact of Regulatory Reform - Airlanes
	The Impact of Regulatory Reform - Commercial Motor Carriers
	The Impact of Regulatory Reform - Railroads
	The Small Community Impact - Motor Carriers: The Pre-Deregulatory Period
	The Small Community Impact - The Post-Deregulatory Period
	The Small Community Impact - Airline Service
	The Small Community Impact - Bus Service
	The Small Community Impact - The End of the Regulatory Era?
	Transportation Policy Issues
	Transportation Policy Issues - The NTPSC Study
	Transportation Policy Issues - The 1984 TRB Report
	Transportation Policy Issues - State Transportation Policies
	Summary

Epilogue and Index

	Epilogue
	Index
	About the Author

Iowa DOT History

Transportation in Iowa: A Historical Summary (William H. Thompson)

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