CHAPTER 11 STRUCTURES

11.00 INTRODUCTION

11.01 REMOVAL OF BRIDGES

11.02 GUIDANCE FOR HEAVY EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS ON BRIDGES

11.03 TEMPORARY STRUCURES FOR THE PRORECTION OF THE PUBLIC

11.05 PILE DRIVING CAP AND HAMMER INFORMATION

11.10 EARTHWORK FOR STRUCTURES

11.11 EXCAVATION

11.12 BACKFILLING STRUCTURES

Culverts Bridge Abutments Measurement and Payment

11.20 FOUNDATIONS

11.21 STAKING AND CHECKING LOCATIONS OF STRUCTURES

Check and Double Check Documentation Common Survey Errors to Avoid Encountering Old Substructures Setting Bench Marks (Post Construction)

11.22 PILING AND PILE DRIVING

Pile Driving Vibratory Hammers Gravity Hammers Diesel Hammers Bearing and Penetration Retaps Dynamic Pile Analyzer Static Load Tests

11.23 SPLICING PILE

Welding Steel Pile Concrete Pile

11.24 PILING ACCEPTANCE

Steel Pile Wood Pile Steel Pile Cutoffs

11.25 WAVE EQUATION

Hammer Data Form Driving Graphs Log of Piling Driven

11.26 PREBORED HOLES

Typical Preboring Special Prebore Situations Bentonite

11.27 DRILLED SHAFTS

11.30 BRIDGES

11.31 FALSEWORK

Temporary Fastenings Falsework Plans Falsework Inspection Falsework Foundations Materials Project Quality Miscellaneous Items Falsework Adjacent to Traffic Field Changes Inspection During Concrete Placement Removal of Falsework

11.32 BRIDGES - STEEL BEAM

Prebolting Meeting Erecting Steel Beams High Strength Fasteners Painting

11.33 BRIDGES - CONCRETE BEAM

Precast - Prestressed Deck Panels Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Beam (PPC Beam Erection) Diaphragms (Steel or Concrete)

11.40 REINFORCEMENT

General Placement Guidelines for Bridge Reinforcing Steel

11.41 PLACEMENT AND CHECKING (BRIDGE FLOORS)

Slab Thickness Clearance of Bottom Reinforcement Clearance of Top Mat Reinforcement Cover Over Top Mat of Reinforcement Slab Bridges Special Attention Areas

11.42 EPOXY COATED REINFORCEMENT

Care and Handling Field Inspection Repair of Damaged Coating

11.43 CAGE STEEL (DRILLED SHAFTS)

11.44 SPLICING

Splice Approval

11.45 PAYMENT FOR REINFORCING STEEL

11.50 CONCRETE (STRUCTURAL, CLASS X, AND FLOWABLE MORTAR)

11.51 PCC PLANT PAGE (FORMS 800240E and 800240M)

11.52 USE OF READY MIXED STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Prepour Meeting Inspector's Checklist

11.53 ADMIXTURES

Air Entraining Admixtures Water Reducing Admixtures - Regular Water Reducing Admixtures - Super Plasticizers Retarding Admixtures Accelerating Admixtures Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures Finely Divided Mineral Admixtures Pozzolanic Materials Fly Ash (Class C & F) Silica Fume Cementitious Materials Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)

11.54 USE OF INSULATED FORMS FOR PROTECTION

Checking Temperature of Concrete

11.55 DECK PLACEMENT AND HEAT OF HYDRATION

Deck Placement Deck Concrete Temperature and Curing Placement Considerations Field Documentation Heat of Hydration

11.56 PLACEMENT METHODS (PUMPING, BELTING, AND CRANE BUCKET)

Crane and Bucket Belt Placement Pump Placement

11.57 FORM REMOVAL

Setting Beams

11.58 CLASS 3 CONCRETE SURFACE FINISH (RAIL AND BEAMS)

Approval of Materials Application of Finish Concrete Railings

11.59 FLOWABLE MORTAR

Backfilling Culverts - Typical Grading Plugging Culverts Backfilling Culverts - Under Bridges Filling Voids Between Culverts

11.60 DECKS AND OVERLAYS

11.61 DECK OVERLAY PREPARATION

Class A Floor Repair Class A Surface Preparation Work on Adjacent Lanes

11.62 SEQUENCE OF POURING

Use of Retarders Concrete Bridge Floors Placement Methods

11.63 INSTALLATION OF JOINTS

Preformed Neoprene Joints Steel Extruded Expansion Joints (Strip Seals)

11.64 BRIDGE FLOORS

Finishing and Equipment Profile Grades - Overlays Transverse Grooving Missed Texturing

11.65 CONCRETE

Concrete Mobile Mixers Frequency of Checks Density Testing

11.66 APPROACH SECTIONS

Approach Pavements to Bridge Abutments "Movable" Abutments "Fixed" Abutments Bridge Approach Tapers Shoulder Maintenance

11.67 SMOOTHNESS OF BRIDGE DECKS

Checklist Specification 2317 Surface Checking

11.70 BARRIER RAILS

11.71 CONCRETE F-SHAPE, OPEN, AND RETROFIT RAIL

Rail Concrete Placement and Bridge Deck Falsework

11.72 SLIP FORM BARRIER RAIL

Longitudinal Cracks Reinforcement Reinforcement Bar Cover Misalignment and Nonuniform Top Elevation Shadowing Mix Design for Slip Form and Cast-in-Place Curing of Slip Form Barrier Rail Expansion Joint Construction In Barrier Rail

11.73 CAST-IN-PLACE (RETROFIT) BARRIER RAIL

Preventing Dowel Installation Damage of Conduit

11.74 CAST-IN-PLACE OPEN BARRIER RAIL FORM REMOVAL

11.80 REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERTS

11.81 DESIGN CHANGES ON CULVERTS

11.82 INSTALLING REINFORCING STEEL, PLACING CONCRETE, AND FORM REMOVAL

Installing Reinforcing Steel Placing Concrete Removal of Wall Forms Removal of Slab Forms

11.83 BOX CULVERT CURTAIN WALLS

Sheet Pile Curtain Wall Reinforcement Placement

11.84 BOX CULVERT BELL JOINTS