Section 4183. Traffic Paints and Pavement Markings.

A. General Requirements.
This paint is intended for use in the early and late part of the construction season when the temperature is too cold for waterborne traffic paint.

The VOC compliant solvent borne paint shall be capable of being heated and spray applied up to a temperature of 122°F (50°C) without damaging the paint or the striping equipment. The paint shall not be damaged or deteriorate when reheated or if held under heated conditions for 6 hours.

The paint shall provide proper anchorage and refraction for glass beads when the beads are applied at a rate of 6 pounds of beads per gallon (0.72 kg/L) of paint. The paint shall show no evidence of excessive settling, gelling, skinning, spoilage or livering upon storage in sealed containers within a twelve month period in the sealed delivery container.

B. Specific Requirements.

1. Composition.
The paint shall be VOC compliant solvent borne and have a volatile organic content of 1.25 pounds per gallon (150 g/L) or less. The yellow pigment shall be free from lead, chrome, and other heavy metals as defined by the EPA.

a. Pigment Constituents.

1) Titanium dioxide shall comply with the latest revision of the specification for titanium dioxide pigments, ASTM D 476, Type II, Rutile.

2) Organic yellow shall be pigment yellow C.I. #75 or pigment yellow C.I. #200.

3) Calcium carbonate shall comply with the latest revision of the specification for calcium carbonate pigments, ASTM D 1199, Type GC, Grade I with minimum of 95% calcium carbonate.

4) Magnesium silicate shall comply with the latest revision of the specification for magnesium silicate pigments, ASTM D 605.

5) Silica shall be at least 99.5% SiO₂ in the 30 to 40 micron (30 µm to 40 µm) size range.

6) Yellow iron oxide shall meet the latest revision of ASTM D 768.

7) Rheological additives shall be one of the following self-activating organic clays:

Benton SD-2	NL Chemicals, Inc.
Claytone APA or Claytone HY	Southern Clay Products
Tixogel MP-250	United Catalyst, Inc.

b. Vehicle Constituents.

1) Resins shall be an acrylic copolymer. The resin may be either of the two listed or any combination of the two to achieve the desired properties:

Resin 1: Poly (methyl methacrylate/n-butyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid) [MMA/NBMA]

Appearance		White, non-dusting beads
Percent Nonvolatiles		98.5% minimum
Acid Value (mgKOH/g)		3.0 maximum
Molecular Weight		60,000
Glass Transition Temperature		122°F (50°C)
Properties of Solution (40% by weight (mass) in toluene)	Color (Gardner)	2 maximum
	Viscosity @ 77°F (25°C)	300 - 400 cps (0.3 - 0.4 Pahs)

Resin 2: I-butyl methacrylate-diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer

Appearance	White, non-dusting beads
Percent Nonvolatiles	99.0% minimum
Acid Value (mgKOH/g)	0.7 - 1.7
Molecular Weight	60,000
Glass Transition Temperature	122°F (50°C)
Viscosity (40% by weight (mass) in toluene) @ 77°F (25°C)	300 - 400 cps (0.3 - 0.4 Pahs)
Color, Gardner (20% by weight (mass) in toluene)	2 maximum

2) Soya Lecithin shall be of suitable quality for use in the manufacturing of paint.

3) Acetone shall comply with the latest revision of the specification for acetone ASTM D 329.

4) Dioctal Phthalate or other suitable plasticizer giving similar results.

5) Chlorinated Paraffin shall comply with the latest revision of Military Specification MIL C-429, Type I.

2. Formulation Guide for White Paint.

	Lbs	Kilograms
Dioctal Phthalate Xylene Acetone Soya Lecithin Chlorinated Paraffin Anti-Skin Agent Acrylic Copolymer Anti-Settle Agent Calcium Carbonate Magnesium Silicate Silica Titanium Dioxide Total	12 60 270 10 20 3 170 6 400 50 100 100 1201	5.4 27.2 122.4 4.5 9.1 1.4 77.1 2.7 181.4 22.7 45.4 45.4 544.7

3. White Control Tolerances.

Property	Value	Test Method
Viscosity, KU	75 - 90	ASTM D 562
Density	11.90 ± 0.2 lb/gal (1.42 ± 0.02 kg/L)	Federal Test 141-4271
Reflectance	83% minimum	ASTM E 1349
Dry Opacity @ 6 mils (0.15 mm) wet	0.95 minimum	Federal Test 141-4121
Dry to no pick-up @ 6 mils (0.15 mm) wet	4 minutes maximum	ASTM D 711
Total Solids	71% minimum	Federal Test 141-4041
Percent Pigment	53 - 57%	Federal Test 141-4021
Non-volatile vehicle	37% minimum	Federal Test 141-4053
Hegman Grind	2 minimum	ASTM D 1210

4. Yellow Formulation Guide.

	Lbs	Kilograms
Dioctal Phthalate Xylene Acetone Soya Lecithin Chlorinated Paraffin Anti-Skin Agent Acrylic Copolymer Anti-Settle Agent Calcium Carbonate Magnesium Silicate Yellow Iron Oxide Titanium Dioxide Organic Yellow Silica Total	12 60 270 10 20 3 170 4 400 50 2 30 35 100 1166	5.4 27.2 122.4 4.5 9.1 1.4 77.1 1.8 181.4 22.7 0.9 13.6 15.9 45.4 528.8

5. Yellow Control Tolerances.

Property	Value	Test Method
Viscosity, KU	80 - 90	ASTM D 562
Density	11.5 ± 0.2 lb/gal (1.38 ± 0.02 kg/L)	Federal Test 141-4271
Reflectance	50% minimum 59% maximum	ASTM E 1349
Dry Opacity @ 6 mils (0.15 mm) wet	0.92 minimum	Federal Test 141-4121
Dry to no pick-up @ 6 mils (0.15 mm) wet	4 minutes maximum	ASTM D 711
Total Solids	70% minimum	Federal Test 141-4041
Percent Pigment	50 - 55%	Federal Test 141-4021
Non-volatile vehicle	37% minimum	Federal Test 141-4053
Hegman Grind	2 minimum	ASTM D 1210
Color @ 2 degree Observer, Illuminant C, 45/0 or 0/45 geometry.	x 0.4706 - 0.5307 y 0.4282 - 0.4828	ASTM E 1164

6. Volatile Organic Content.
The volatile organic content of the finished paint shall contain less than 1.25 pounds (150 g) of volatile organic matter per gallon (liter) of total non-volatile paint material in accordance with ASTM D 3960.

C. Field Service Requirements.

1. Paint Pigment.
The paint pigment shall be well ground and be properly dispersed in the vehicle. The pigment shall not cake or thicken in the container, and shall not become granular or curdled. Any settlement of pigment in the paint shall result in a thoroughly wetted, soft mass permitting the complete and easy vertical penetration of a paddle. Settled pigment shall be easily redispersed with minimum resistance to the sideways manual motion of the paddle across the bottom of the container, to form a smooth uniform product of the proper consistency. If the paint cannot be easily redispersed, due to excessive pigment settlement as described above, or due to any other cause, the paint shall be considered unfit for use.

2. Specified Properties.
The paint shall retain all specified properties under normal above freezing, outside storage conditions for 12 months after acceptance and delivery. The vendor shall be responsible for all costs and transportation charges incurred in replacing paint that is unfit for use. The properties of any replacement paint, shall remain satisfactory for 12 months from the date of acceptance and delivery.

3. Glass Spheres.
The glass spheres for use in VOC compliant, solvent borne traffic paint shall be uncoated. They shall meet the requirements of Section 4184.

D. Inspection and Acceptance.
Inspection and acceptance of paint will be in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.03.

A. General Requirements.
The paint shall be capable of being heated and spray applied up to a temperature of 140°F (60°C) without damaging the formulation or serviceability of the product and the traffic striping equipment. The paint shall not be damaged or deteriorate when reheated or if held under heated conditions for 6 hours.

The paint shall provide proper anchorage and refraction for glass beads when the beads are applied at the rate of 6 pounds per gallon (0.7 kg/L).

The pigments used in the paint shall be free of heavy metals as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

The paint shall be free of skins, pigment agglomerates, and foreign matter. The paint shall show no evidence of excessive settling, gelling, skinning, spoilage, or livering upon storage in sealed containers under normal above freezing temperatures within a 12 month period in the sealed delivery container. When the air temperature is below the freezing point (32°F (0°C)), the paint shall be shipped or stored in an insulated vehicle or storage building with heating capability to ensure the inside temperature is held above freezing.

B. Specific Requirements.

1. Composition.
The composition of the paint shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer as long as the finished product meets the following requirements and any applicable Federal, State, or local regulations for products of this type.

a. Pigment Content.
The percent pigment by weight (mass) of the finished product shall be from 45.0% to 55.0% by weight (mass) for white and 55.0% to 58.0% by weight (mass) for yellow as tested by ASTM D 3723.

b. Resin Solids.
Resin solids shall be composed of 100% acrylic emulsion polymer. Acrylic emulsion polymer shall be Rohm & Haas E 3427, Dow Chemical DT 250, or an approved equal. For Low Temperature Paint, Rohm & Haas XSR Resin shall be used.

c. Nonvolatile Vehicle.
The nonvolatile vehicle shall not be less than 43.0% by weight (mass) for white paint and not less than 45.0% by weight (mass) for yellow paint.

The following formula shall be used for calculating nonvolatile vehicle (NVV):

NVV=(N-P)/(100-P)

Where:

N = the percent by weight (mass) of non-volatiles as determined by ASTM D 2369

P = the percent weight (mass) of pigment as determined by ASTM D 3723

d. Volatile Organic Compounds.
Volatile organic compounds shall not exceed 1.25 pounds per gallon (150 g/L) excluding water and VOC exempt solvents. ASTM D 3960 shall be used to determine the level of VOCs.

e. Flash Point.
Closed cup flash point shall not be less than 100°F (38°C) as tested by ASTM D 56.

f. Density.
The density shall be a minimum of 12 pounds per gallon (1400 g/L) and the density of the production batches shall not vary more than ± 0.2 pounds per gallon (25 g/L) from the density of the qualification samples. ASTM D 1475 shall be used to measure density.

2. Laboratory Test Requirements.

a. Color.
For white, the color after drying shall be a flat white, free from tint, furnishing good opacity and visibility under both daylight and artificial light. For yellow, the color shall be within the following CIE chromaticity limits when measured with an instrument having a 2 degree observer, using a standard C illuminant, and 45/0 or 0/45 geometry.

CIE Data Limits	Y	x	y
Minimum Maximum	0.5400 0.5910	0.462 0.501	0.428 0.455

The yellow color chip with chromaticity readings can be obtained from the Office of Materials for correlation.

b. Viscosity.
The viscosity for white shall be not less than 80 or not greater than 90 Krebs Units at 77°F (25°C). The viscosity for yellow shall be not less than 75 Kreb Units or not greater than 85 Krebs Units at 77°F (25°C). ASTM D 562 shall be used to measure viscosity.

c. No-Pick-Up Time.
The no-pick-up time shall be less than 5 minutes. The test shall follow the requirements of ASTM D 711 except the test stripe shall have a wet film thickness of 6 mils (150 µm) as measured by an Interchemical wet film thickness gauge and no air movement.

d. Directional Reflectance.
The daylight directional reflectance of the paint (without glass spheres) shall be 84.0% minimum for white and 50.7% minimum for yellow.

e. Dry Opacity.
The white paint shall have a minimum contrast ratio of 0.955 and the yellow paint shall have a minimum contrast ratio of 0.930. The test shall follow the requirements of Federal Test 141a Method 4121. The test stripe shall have a wet film thickness of 7 mil (178 µm) as measured by an Interchemical wet film thickness gauge.

f. Flexibility.
The paint shall not show cracking or flaking when tested in accordance with Federal Specification TT-P-1952b.

g. Pigment Particle Size.
The paint shall have a grind of not less than 3 on a Hegman Grind Gauge when measured in accordance with ASTM D 1210.

3. Field Service Requirements.

a. Paint Pigment.
The paint pigment shall be well ground and be properly dispersed in the vehicle. The pigment shall not cake or thicken in the container, and shall not become granular or curdled. Any settlement of pigment in the paint shall result in a thoroughly wetted, soft mass permitting the complete and easy vertical penetration of a paddle. Settled pigment shall be easily mixed with minimum resistance to the sideways manual motion of the paddle across the bottom of the container, to form a smooth uniform product of the proper consistency. If the paint cannot be easily redispersed, due to excessive pigment settlement as described above, or due to any other cause, the paint shall be considered unfit for use.

b. Specified Properties.
The paint shall retain all specified properties under normal above freezing, outside storage conditions for 12 months after acceptance and delivery. The vendor shall be responsible for all costs and transportation charges incurred in replacing paint that is unfit for use. The properties of any replacement paint, shall remain satisfactory for 12 months from date of acceptance and delivery.

4. Packaging and Marking.
Each container shall be plainly marked with the gross, tare, net weight, the lot number, producer's name, the date of manufacture, and the type of paint.

All containers shall identify the type of paint. It is the Contractor's responsibility to provide Material Safety Data Sheets.

Each container shall be filled with the volume in liters corrected to 77°F (25°C) as specified in the contract documents.

C. Inspection and Acceptance.
Inspection and acceptance of the paint shall be in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.03.

A. Removable Marking Tape.
Removable Marking Tape shall be prequalified in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Thickness.
The average thickness of the film, including glass spheres shall be not less than 30 mils (0.76 mm) or more than 70 mils (1.78 mm).

2. Retroreflectance.
The white and yellow tapes shall have the following initial minimum retroreflectance values at 1.05 degree observation angle and 88.76 degree entrance angle, measured by a LTL 2000 retroreflectometer.

	White	Yellow
Specific luminance, mcd/sq.ft./ft.-cdl. (lux●m2)	550	325

B. Regular Marking Tape.
Regular Marking Tape shall be prequalified in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Thickness.
The average thickness of the film, including glass spheres, shall be not less than 15 mils (0.38 mm) or more than 50 mils (1.27 mm).

2. Retroreflectance.
The white or yellow tapes shall have the following initial minimum retroreflectance values at 1.05 degree observation angle and 88.76 degree entrance angle, measured by a LTL 2000 retroreflectometer:

	White	Yellow
Specific luminance, mcd/sq.ft./ft.-cdl. (lux●m2)	550	325

C. Preformed Polymer Marking Material.
Preformed Polymer Marking Material shall be prequalified as a polymer tape in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Color.
The color shall be white or yellow, conforming to standard highway markings.

2. Thickness.
The thickness of the marking film shall be from 60 mils (1.52 mm) to 90 mils (2.29 mm), as measured to include adhesive and glass beads.

3. Retroreflectance.
The white or yellow tapes shall have the following initial minimum retroreflectance values at 1.05 degree observation angle and 88.76 degree entrance angle, measured by a LTL 2000 retroreflectometer.

	White	Yellow
Specific luminance, mcd/sq.ft./ft.-cdl.(lux●m2)	325	150

D. Removable, Preformed, Nonreflective Tape.
Removable, preformed, nonreflective tape shall be prequalified in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Color.
The color shall be dark grey or black in order to blend with the pavement surface color.

2. Thickness.
The average thickness of the film shall not be less than 30 mils (0.76 mm).

3. Reflectance.
The film shall have no nighttime reflective characteristics.

E. Profiled Pavement Marking Tape.
Profiled Pavement Marking Tape shall be prequalified in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Color.
The color shall be white or yellow, conforming to standard highway markings.

2. Thickness.
The tape shall have a profiled surface. The thickness of the tape including glass beads shall not be less than 30 mils (0.76 mm) or greater than 100 mils (2.54 mm). The height of the profiles (measured from lowest point to highest point) shall not be less than 35 mils (0.89 mm).

3. Retroreflectance.

The white and yellow films shall have the following initial minimum retroreflectance values at 1.05 degree observation angle and 88.76 degree entrance angle, measured by a LTL 2000 retroreflectometer.

	White	Yellow
Specific luminance, mcd/sq.ft./ft.-cdl. (lux●m2)	700	350

F. Intersection Marking Tape
Intersection marking tape is intended for cross walks, gore lines, and symbols at intersections where marking tape is subjected to high shear from turning traffic. Intersection marking tape shall be prequalified in accordance with Materials I.M. 483.06 and shall meet the following requirements:

1. Color.
The color shall be white or yellow, conforming to standard highway markings.

2. Initial Skid Resistance.
Initial skid resistance shall be a minimum of 55 British Pendulum Number (BPN) when tested according to ASTM E 303.

3. Retroreflectance.
The white or yellow tapes shall have the following initial minimum retroreflectance at 1.05 degree observation angle and 88.76 degree entrance angle, measured by a LTL 2000 retroreflectometer.

	White	Yellow
Specific luminance, mcd/sq.ft./ft.-cdl. (lux●m2)	150	100