Section 4149. Sanitary and Storm Sewer Pipe and Structures Materials
A. Materials for constructing sanitary and storm sewer.
B. Materials for constructing sanitary and storm sewer structures.
A. Sanitary Sewer (Gravity Mains).
1. Solid Wall Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe 8 inch to 15 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM D 3034, SDR 26, unless SDR 35 is specified.
b. Pipe Stiffness per ASTM D 2412.
1) SDR 26: Minimum pipe stiffness of 115 psi.
2) SDR 35: Minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.
c. PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454 or 12364.
d. Integral bell and spigot type with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
2. Solid Wall Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe 18 inch to 27 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM F 679.
b. Minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi as per ASTM D 2412.
c. PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454 or 12364.
d. Integral bell and spigot type with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
3. Corrugated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe 8 inch to 36 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM F 949, smooth interior, corrugated exterior.
b. Pipe stiffness per ASTM D 2412.
1) 8 inch to 10 inch: Minimum pipe stiffness of 115 psi, unless 46 psi is specified.
2) 12 inch to 36 inch: Minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.
c. PVC resin meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
d. Integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
4. Closed Profile Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe 21 inch to 36 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM F 1803.
b. Pipe stiffness per ASTM D 2412, 46 psi.
c. PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12364.
d. Integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
5. Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Pipe (truss type) 8 inch to 15 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM D 2680. Pipe constructed with truss type structure between inner and outer PVC walls with voids filled with lightweight concrete.
b. Pipe stiffness per ASTM D 2412, 200 psi.
c. PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
d. Integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212 and F 477.
6. Reinforced Concrete Pipe 18 inch to 144 inch.
a. General.
1) Comply with Section 2419 and ASTM C 76 (AASHTO M 170).
2) Minimum Class IV (3000 D), Wall B.
3) Tongue and groove joints.
4) Rubber O-ring flexible joint complying with ASTM C 443.
b. Pipe Lining.
1) Coat interior pipe barrel and all joint surfaces with two-component coal-tar epoxy-polyamide black paint or approved equal.
2) Lining Material: SSPC Specification No. 16, Table 1.
a) Minimum epoxy resin content 34% to 35% by dry film weight.
b) Minimum sag resistance 40 mils.
c) Minimum solids 80% by volume.
3) Apply according to the lining material manufacturer’s recommendations.
7. Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP) 8 inch to 54 inch.
a. General.
1) Comply with AWWA C151.
2) Minimum thickness Class 52.
b. Interior Linings.
1) Provide interior lining for ductile iron pipe and fittings used for all gravity sewers and drop connections.
2) Use linings specifically designed for sanitary sewer applications, which may include calcium aluminate, polyethylene, ceramic epoxy, and coal tar epoxy. Other lining types may be allowed upon approval of the Engineer.
3) Apply lining to interior of unlined ductile iron pipe and fittings according to the published specifications from the manufacturer.
4) Seal all cut ends and repair field damaged areas according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
c. Exterior Coating.
Asphalt.
d. Joints.
Push-on complying with AWWA C111.
e. Fittings.
Mechanical complying with AWWA C110 or AWWW C153.
f. Polyethylene Encasement.
1) Comply with AWWA C105.
2) Minimum thickness of 8 mils.
3) Use for all ductile iron pipe and fittings in buried service.
8. Vitrified Clay Pipe 8 inch to 42 inch.
a. Pipe and fittings complying with ASTM C 700.
b. Compression joints complying with ASTM C 425 for plain end pipe or bell and spigot pipe.
c. Test according to ASTM C 301.
9. Double Walled Polypropylene Pipe 12 inch to 30 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM F 2736
b. Minimum pipe stiffness per ASTM D 2412, 46 psi.
c. Integral bell and spigot joint complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
10. Triple Walled Polypropylene Pipe 30 inch to 36 inch.
a. Comply with ASTM F 2764
b. Minimum pipe stiffness per ASTM D 2412, 46 psi.
c. Integral bell and spigot joint complying with ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
B. Sanitary Sewer Force Mains.
1. Ductile Iron Pipe 4 inch to 54 inch.
Apply Article 4149.02, A, 7. If joint restraints are specified, apply Article 4150.02, C.
2. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe.
Apply Article 4150.02, A, for PVC pipe. Provide restrained joints when specified.
3. Sewage Air Release Valve.
a. General.
Consists of an elongated
tapered or conical body with
outward-slanting walls and a float to operate (open and close) under
pressure without spillage. Provide valves
suitable for pressures up to 150 psi. Use a float with a flexible linkage
connection to the seal plug assembly to prevent irregular air release and
protect the connecting rod. Ensure the bottom of the valve body is sloped or funnel-shaped to encourage
the accumulated sewage and solids to drain from the valve. Preserve a volume of
air at all times between the liquid sewage and the seal plug assembly. Provide a flushing port with attachments for
backwashing.
b. Materials.
1) Body and Cover: Stainless steel,
fiberglass-reinforced nylon, or other corrosion-resistant materials.
a) Stainless steel: ASTM A 351.
b) Cast Iron: ASTM A 126, Grade B.
c) Ductile Iron: ASTM A 536, Grade 65-45-12.
d) Other corrosion resistant materials.
2) Internal Metal Components: Stainless steel.
3) Float: Stainless Steel, ASTM A 240, Type 304 or Type 316, or foamed polypropylene.
4) Seal Plug Assembly: Stainless steel, foamed polypropylene, EPDM rubber, Nitrile (Buna-N) rubber, and reinforced nylon.
c. Tapping Saddle.
Stainless steel or nylon.
d. Pit.
Construct according to the contract documents.
4. Tracer Wire.
Apply Article 4150.02, E, 2. Tracer wire will be required on all force mains.
5. Tracer Wire Station.
a. Two internal terminals with shunt.
b. 5 to 6 foot plastic post (color as specified by the Engineer).
c. Removable top cap with lock.
d. Decals indicating: “Sewer Force Main” or similar language.
Apply Article 2553.02, C, for casing pipe requirements.
1. Connection to Main.
a. PVC Main.
1) Preformed wye or tee service fitting with integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3034 or ASTM F 949.
2) Preformed saddle wye or saddle tee for service tap complying with ASTM D 3034 or ASTM F 949.
3) PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
b. PVC Composite Main.
1) Preformed wye or tee service fitting with integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM D 3212.
2) Preformed saddle wye or saddle tee for service tap complying with ASTM D 2680.
c. RCP Main.
Preformed saddle wye or saddle tee service tap designed for use with RCP.
d. VCP Main.
1) Precast VCP wye or tee service fitting complying with ASTM C 700 for pipe and ASTM C 425 for compression joints.
2) Preformed saddle wye or saddle tee service tap designed for use with VCP.
e. DIP Main.
1) Use DIP wye or tee fittings complying with AWWA C110 or AWWA C153.
2) Preformed saddle wye or tee services tap designed for use with DIP. Cut the hole for the tap with equipment designed for that application.
2. Wye and Tee Pipe Stop.
All saddle wye or saddle tee fittings must provide an integrally molded pipe stop in the branch for positive protection against service pipe insertion beyond the inside of sewer main pipe wall.
3. Service Pipe.
Use products as required by local plumbing code or regulations, if applicable. Otherwise use the following:
a. PVC.
1) Comply with ASTM D 3034, minimum thickness SDR 23.5; minimum pipe stiffness of 153 psi as per ASTM D 2412.
2) PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
3) Integral bell and spigot type rubber gasket joint complying with ASTM D 3212.
b. DIP.
As specified for sanitary sewer force main, including polyethylene encasement.
4. Connection to Existing Service.
Apply Article 4147.01, H.
E. Sanitary Sewer Service Relocations.
1. Apply the requirements of Article 4149.02, D, for all materials used for sanitary service relocation.
2. Use the same nominal size as the existing service being relocated.
1. Comply with Section 2419 and ASTM C 76.
2. Minimum Class 2000D (Class III, Wall B).
3. Tongue and groove joints with cold applied bituminous or rubber rope jointing materials, unless otherwise specified. If specified, use rubber O-ring or profile gasket complying with ASTM C 443 (AASHTO M 315).
4. If specified, wrap exterior of each joint with engineering fabric.
B. Low Clearance Reinforced
Concrete Arch Pipe.
1. Comply
with Section 2419 and ASTM C 506 either AASHTO M 206 (RCAP) or M 207 (RCEP).
2. Minimum Class 2000D (A-III or HE-III).
3. Use tongue and groove joints with cold applied bituminous or rubber rope gasket jointing materials, unless specified otherwise.
4. If specified, wrap exterior of each joint with engineering fabric.
Use pipe complying with the following:
1. Types of PVC pipes:
a. Corrugated exterior, smooth interior, ASTM F 949.
b. Solid wall, ASTM D 3034 or ASTM F 679.
c. Closed profile, ASTM F 1803.
d. Composite, ASTM D 2680.
2. PVC plastic meeting ASTM D 1784, Cell Classification 12454.
3. Minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.
4. Integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals according to ASTM D 3212 and ASTM F 477.
D. High Density Polyethylene Pipe.
Use pipe complying with the following:
1. AASHTO M 294, Type S corrugated exterior and smooth interior.
2. ASTM D 3350 minimum resin Cell Classification 335420 C.
3. Minimum pipe stiffness at 5% deflection complying with ASTM D 2412.
4. Integral bell and spigot joints with elastomeric seals complying with ASTM F 477.
5. Maximum 5% deflection of the average inside diameter by testing after installation according to Article 2504.03, L, 5.
E. Jointing Material for Concrete Apron.
1. Bituminous Jointing Material.
Use a cold-applied mastic sewer joint sealing compound recommended by the manufacturer for the intended use and approved by the Engineer. Comply with ASTM C 990.
2. Rubber Rope Gasket Jointing Material.
Comply with ASTM C 990.
3. Rubber O-Ring or Profile Gasket.
Comply with ASTM C 443 (for RCP) or ASTM C 361 (for RCPP).
Material intended for use in priming concrete joints. Comply with the requirements of ASTM D 41.
Apply Article 4196.01.
Apply Materials I.M. 491.13.
Apply Article 2553.02 for casing pipe requirements.
4149.04 sanitary and storm sewer structures.
1. Precast: Comply with Section 2419 and ASTM C 478.
2. Cast-in-place: Use Class C concrete. Apply Section 2403.
Apply Section 2404.
Comply with Materials I.M. 491.13.
1. Joint Ends.
a. Use tongue and groove ends.
b. If cast-in-place base is used, provide bottom riser with square bottom edge.
2. Joint Sealant.
a. Sanitary Sewers.
1) Rubber O-ring or Profile Gasket: Flexible joint complying with ASTM C 443.
2) Bituminous Jointing Material: Use a cold-applied mastic sewer joint sealing compound recommended by the manufacturer for the intended use and approved by the Engineer. Comply with ASTM C 990.
3) Butyl Sealant Wrap: Comply with ASTM C 877.
b. Storm Sewers.
All joint sealants used on sanitary sewers may also be used for storm sewers. The following may also be used.
1) Rubber Rope Gasket Jointing Material: Comply with ASTM C 990.
2) Engineering Fabric Wrap: If specified in the contract documents, supply engineering fabric wrap complying with Article 4196.01.
1. Capable of supporting HS-20 loading.
2. Use eccentric cone on sanitary sewer manholes unless otherwise specified or allowed.
1. Sanitary Sewer Manhole.
a. Circular Manhole: Integral base and lower riser section according to ASTM C 478.
b. All Other Manholes: Use precast or cast-in-place concrete base.
2. Storm Sewer Manhole.
Use precast or cast-in-place concrete base.
3. Intake.
Use precast or cast-in-place concrete base.
1. Flexible Watertight Gasket.
Comply with ASTM C 923.
2. Non-shrink Grout.
Comply with Materials I.M. 491.13.
3. Waterstop.
Provide elastomeric gasket that surrounds pipe and attaches with stainless steel bands and is designed to stop the movement of water along the interface between a pipe and a surrounding concrete collar.
H. Manhole or Intake Adjustment Rings (Grade Rings).
1. Use one of the following methods for grade adjustments of manhole or intake frame and cover assemblies:
a. Reinforced Concrete Adjustment Rings.
Comply with ASTM C 478. Provide rings free from cracks, voids, and other defects.
b. High Density Polyethylene Adjustment Rings.
Comply with ASTM D 1248 for recycled plastic.
1) Test and certify material properties by the methods in Table 4149.04-1:
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Table 4149.04-1: Test Methods |
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Property |
Test Method |
Acceptable Value |
|
Melt Flow Index |
ASTM D 1238 |
0.3 to 30 g/10 min. |
|
Density |
ASTM D 792 |
0.94 to 0.98 g/cm3 |
|
Tensile Strength |
ASTM D 638 |
2000 to 5000 psi |
2) Do not use polyethylene grade adjustment rings when they are exposed to HMA pavement or heat shrink infiltration barriers.
3) When used in a single configuration, provide tapered adjustment ring with thickness that varies from 1/2 inch to 3 inches.
4) Install adjustment rings on clean, flat surfaces according to the manufacturer's recommendations with the proper butyl rubber sealant/adhesive.
c. Expanded Polypropylene Adjustment Rings.
Comply with ASTM D 4819 for expanded polypropylene when tested according to ASTM D 2375.
1) Use adhesive meeting ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade N5, Class 25.
2) Provide finish rings with grooves on the lower surface and flat upper surface.
3) Do not use when heat shrinkable infiltration barrier is used.
2. Ensure the inside diameter of the adjustment ring is not less than the inside diameter of the manhole frame or not less than the inside dimension of the intake grate opening.
3. Construct manholes and intakes with the following adjustment ring stack heights:
a. Minimum: 4 inches for new manholes and intakes.
b. Maximum: 12 inches for new manholes and intakes; 16 inches for existing manholes and intakes.
I. Castings (Ring, Cover, Grate, and Extensions).
1. Casting Materials.
a. Gray Cast Iron.
Comply with AASHTO M 306.
b. Carbon Steel.
Comply with ASTM A 36.
2. Load Capacity.
Standard duty unless specified otherwise.
a. Standard Duty: Casting certified for 40,000 pound proof-load according to AASHTO M 306.
b. Light Duty: Casting certified according to requirements of AASHTO M 306 for a 16,000 pound proof-load (HS-20). 40,000 pound proof-load is not required.
3. Casting Types.
a. Manholes.
Refer to the contract documents.
b. Intakes.
1) Refer to the contract documents.
2) Castings may include environmental symbols or messages, or both, such as “DUMP NO WASTE, DRAINS TO RIVER.”
c. Manhole Casting Extension Ring.
1) Match the dimensions of the existing ring and cover with an allowable diameter tolerance of -1/4 inch for the frame ridge and +1/4 inch for the cover recess.
2) Provide extension ring with height as required to raise the top of the casting to make it level or no more than 1/4 inch below the finished pavement surface. Maximum ring height is 3 inches.
J. Additional Materials for Sanitary Sewer Manholes.
1. Infiltration Barrier.
a. External Chimney Seal.
1) Rubber Sleeve and Extension.
a) Corrugated; minimum thickness of 3/16 inches, according to ASTM C 923.
b) Minimum allowable vertical expansion of at least 2 inches.
2) Compression Bands.
a) One-piece band assembly to compress sleeve or extension against manhole and casting surfaces.
b) 16 gage ASTM A 240, Type 304 stainless steel, minimum 1 inch width, minimum adjustment range of 4 inches more than the manhole outside diameter.
c) For standard two-piece castings, shape top band to lock sleeve to manhole frame's base flange. For three-piece adjustable castings, shape top band to lock sleeve to upper piece of adjustable frame.
d) Stainless steel fasteners complying with ASTM F 593 and ASTM F 594, Type 304.
b. Internal Chimney Seal.
1) Rubber Sleeve and Extension.
a) Double pleated, minimum thickness 3/16 inch thick, according to ASTM C 923.
b) Minimum allowable vertical expansion of at least 2 inches.
c) Integrally formed expansion band recess top and bottom with multiple sealing fins.
2) Expansion Bands.
a) One-piece band assembly to compress sleeve or extension against manhole and casting surfaces to make a watertight seal.
b) 16 gage ASTM A 240, Type 304 stainless steel, minimum 1 inch width, minimum adjustment range of 2 inches more than the manhole inside diameter.
c) Positive stainless steel locking mechanism permanently securing band in its expanded position after tightening.
c. Molded Shield.
1) Barrier Shield.
a) Medium Density polyethylene, according to ASTM D 1248.
b) Certified for 40,000 pound proof-load according to AASHTO M 306.
c) Diameter to match cone section and internal dimension of casting.
2) Sealant.
Butyl material according to AASHTO M 198.
d. Heat Shrink Sleeve.
Heat-shrinkable wrap around sleeve designed for protection of buried and exposed sanitary sewer manholes. Do not use with polypropylene or polyethylene adjustment rings.
1) Primer.
Compatible with concrete, ductile and cast iron, and sleeve material.
2) Sleeve and Backing.
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Table 4149.04-2: Heat Shrink Sleeve |
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Property |
Test Method |
Acceptable Value |
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Water Absorption |
ASTM D 570 |
0.05% maximum |
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Low Temperature Flexibility |
ASTM D 2671 |
-40°F |
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Tensile Strength |
ASTM D 638 |
2900 psi minimum |
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Elongation |
ASTM D 638 |
600% minimum |
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Hardness |
ASTM D 2240 |
Shore D: 46 |
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Shrink Factor |
40% minimum |
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Thickness |
0.1 inch minimum |
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3) Adhesive.
Softening point of 212°F maximum meeting ASTM E 28.
2. Riser Section Coating.
a. Exterior: When exterior waterproof coating is specified, provide bituminous or coal tar coating.
b. Interior: When interior manhole lining is specified, provide lining according to Article 4149.02, A (lined, reinforced concrete pipe).
1. Cast-in-place Structure.
Provide cast-in-place invert with concrete meeting the requirements of Section 2403.
2. Precast Base Section.
a. For sanitary sewers, provide a precast invert, unless allowed otherwise by the Engineer. Apply Article 2435.03, A.
b. For storm sewers, provide a cast-in-place invert with concrete meeting the requirements of Article 4149.04, A.
1. Provide steps in all circular precast manholes unless specified otherwise in the contract documents.
2. Comply with ASTM C 478.
3. Manufacture using polypropylene encased steel.
4. Uniformly space steps at 12 to 16 inches.
5. Align with vertical side of eccentric top section.
6. Place first step no more than 36 inches from top of casting.
1. Tee and Eccentric Reducers.
Comply with ASTM C 478.
2. Composite Tee.
Refer to the contract documents. May be substituted for pipe diameters less than 48 inches.
1. Material: Stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanized.
2. Diameter: Minimum 1/2 inch diameter.
3. Length: As required to pass through adjusting rings and into manhole or intake structure to embedment depth recommended by anchor manufacturer.
O. Excavation and Backfill Materials.
Apply Section 2552 for bedding and backfill materials.